Lactic acid is a naturally occurring alpha hydroxy acid (AHA) derived from fermented milk or plant sources like sugarcane. It’s a gentle, water-soluble exfoliant commonly found in skincare products such as serums, moisturizers, toners, and peels. Known for its hydrating properties, it’s milder than other AHAs like glycolic acid, making it ideal for sensitive or dry skin.

Key Benefits

• Exfoliation: Removes dead skin cells to reveal smoother, brighter skin and reduce dullness.
• Hydration: Acts as a humectant, drawing moisture into the skin and improving barrier function.
• Anti-Aging: Stimulates collagen production, helping to soften fine lines, wrinkles, and improve elasticity.
• Acne and Texture: Unclogs pores, reduces breakouts, and evens out rough or uneven skin tone.
• Hyperpigmentation: Fades dark spots, sun damage, and melasma by promoting cell renewal.

How It Works

Lactic acid works by breaking down the bonds between dead skin cells on the surface, allowing them to slough off naturally. Its larger molecular size means it penetrates more slowly than glycolic acid, providing gentler exfoliation while also attracting moisture to the skin. Concentrations in over-the-counter products typically range from 5-10%, with higher strengths (up to 30%) used in professional treatments.

Usage and Application

• Form: Available as serums, lotions, masks, or peels.
• Frequency: Start with 2-3 times per week; increase as skin tolerates.
• Application: Apply to clean, dry skin, avoid the eye area, and always follow with sunscreen (SPF 30+), as it can increase sun sensitivity.
• Patch Test: Test on a small area first to check for irritation.

Precautions and Side Effects

• Common side effects include mild redness, stinging, or dryness, especially for beginners.
• Not recommended for those with very sensitive skin, eczema, or during pregnancy without dermatologist advice.
• Avoid combining with retinoids, vitamin C, or other acids to prevent irritation.
• Store in a cool, dark place; shelf life is usually 6-12 months once opened.